Is Digital Cash Something To Fear? Essay -- Digital Cash Money Essays

Is Digital Cash Something To Fear? I. INTRODUCTION In today's society, cash is quickly becoming obsolete. The vast majority of transactions can now be completed without cash. If a person has direct deposit, they can directly deposit their paycheck into their bank account. Using their home computer, that person can pay their monthly bills electronically by using a third-party bill paying system authorized by their bank. Credit cards, once reserved for major purchases, are now accepted at grocery stores, fast food restaurants, pay phones, and coffee shops. Debit cards are quickly replacing checks for many of our day-to-day purchases. There are quite a few transactions that cannot be completed with cash, including renting cars, many mail order purchases, and subscribing to an Internet service provider. In a typical day, cash is really only necessary for very small transactions, such as purchasing a morning paper, or buying a candy bar out of a vending machine. These "micro-transactions"{1} do not represent a significant enough exchange of value to cover the transactional costs of accepting credit or debit cards. A person still needs to carry enough cash for these micro-transactions. Currently, the way to get cash is to personally go to an automatic teller machine (ATM) for a withdrawal. "Digital cash,"{2} stored on "smart cards"{3} or personal computers, promises to make micro-transactions possible in both the everyday world and in cyberspace. II. IS DIGITAL CASH NECESSARY? The need for digital cash closely parallels the need for regular cash. Most people do not use regular cash to make major purchases. Carrying large amounts of cash can be very insecure. Carrying credit cards is more secure because, at least in th... ...urden on the bank to prove that a transaction was by the consumer. See Sandberg, supra note 3. {8} Compare the use of encryption technology in making a credit card purchase (see CyberCash, Six Steps of a Secure Internet Credit Card Payment (visited Oct. 5, 1977) <http://a.dn.cybercash.com/cybercash/shoppers/ stopsteps.html>), with the use of encryption in making a digital cash purchase, (see DigiCash, An Introduction to Ecash (visited Oct. 5, 1977) <http://www.digicash.com/ecash/docs/ease/ease(g).html>). {9} Of course, the consumer protection laws will limit the consumer's losses to $50. If the digital cash transmission was for a micro-transaction, a consumer would still prefer to lose 1Â ¢ to $50. {10} Jim Miller, E-money mini-FAQ (release 2.0) (visited Oct. 5, 1977) <http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/ emoneyfaq.html>. {11} Id. {12} Id.

A very important life-lesson Essay

My friend David owned a motorcycle. It is not a big one, but it could reach a really dangerous speed. Just to remind those who like speeding, it is hazardous for you and other road users if you are speeding on the road. I learn this in a really painful lesson one night when I rode on the pillion on David’s motorcycle. We were on our way home one night after a movie in a cinema few kilometers away from my house, but the traffic on the road during our way back was badly congested. It was a benefit for us to ride on a motorcycle because we could pick our way through the cars and other motorcycles, but once we were on the main road, we cruised along freely. Maybe because the journey was too smooth while we were on the high way, I felt boring but David just don’t seem to feel in that way, so I decided to tease on him to make him speed up. He didn’t reply me in any words, but I could feel that the motorcycle starting to pick up speed. The cool breeze rushed through my face, the lamppost, the scenery and all the background passing by faster and faster makes me feel more and more excited! Just feeling curious, I placed my head over David’s shoulder and had a peep on the speedometer, and to my excite, the needle was shaking around 100km/h mark! This was the fastest experience that I ever had on a moving vehicle! I really felt excited riding on the pillion of David’s motorcycle!Suddenly, David stepped on the brakes and made a really hard left turn to get out from the highway and continue on our journey back. But during the turn, I heard a loud bang coming from the rear part of the motorcycle. David loose control of his bike and it drag both of us with it quite a distance away. The motorcycle was dragging me helplessly with my head scouring on the floor. It all happened in just a few seconds. I looked around desperately. Oh, my goodness! David was lying flat on his back and groaning softly. I managed to bring myself up and free David from the wrecked motorcycle. I had a glanced around to find out what just happened, but all I could see was a car with its right front light broken and its bumper dropped on the floor in a curved shape. David turned me around suddenly and had a good look on my left forehead, and then he said to me that I’m bleeding with a quite deep wound on my left forehead. I raised my left arm and try to wipe off the blood, and only then I found that my left arm was badly wounded and bleeding. I started felt very dizzy. All of a sudden, powerful lights blinded me. I heard voices talking anxiously and footsteps hurrying in our direction. Other road-users had arrived at the scene and they came to help us. The next half hour was daze, I vaguely remembered being carried into a van. I was too stunned to protest. I also heard that someone kept saying was all right, but before I could move my body, both of my leg suddenly paralyzed, I kneeled on my knees and blacked out. After I regain my consciousness, I’m sleeping on a bed with white pillowcase, white blanket and almost everything around me was white. It doesn’t take long for me to realize that I’m in a hospital bed. I looked around searching for David, but he is nowhere to be found. I starting to get worried but my parents came in and seem glad to see me awake. Surely the first thing came out from my mind was asking about David’s condition, and my mother replied that David’s condition was not as serious as mine, he just had some bruises and scratches around his body. I felt relieved. Eventually, we recovered from the painful accident in a month time. This incident made us aware of the speeding hazards and the terrible consequences that we have to bear for the mistake we have done. The price to pay was too much and too painful. I always thought that accidents only happen to other people, but it’s not true after this accident that I will never forget for the rest of my life. Remember that your life is very precious, and think of the people who cared for you.

The Value of Life: Pro Life

The Value of Life Imagine 3,700 children murdered in one day; their bodies torn, bruised, or poisoned. Sadly, this Is no sick fantasy, but a procedure called abortion, defined as an operation to end a pregnancy by removing an embryo or fetus from Its mother's womb (â€Å"Choose† sec 1). In the united States alone, approximately 1. 37 million abortions occur per year. Late term abortions, or post first-term abortions, are known to cause serious health problems such as mental issues and moral dilemmas because the fetus has taken the shape ofa baby and thus is a viable human being.Abortion has een debated for centuries because of its political and social ramifications, and the correctness or lack of correctness. Both sides have strong arguments, but either way, late-term abortion should be made illegal in the United States because of its health risks, viability, and prevalence in society (â€Å"Statistics† sec 1). Late- term abortions damage both the mother's mental and ph ysical health dramatically. Once a fetus has taken a babys shape, the most common form of abortion Is using the combination of drugs and medicines.Methotrexate Is a drug that Is designed to kill the fetus Inside he mother's womb; Misoprostol Is a llquld substance that Is also Involved with this abortion process. It Is used subsequent to Methotrexate and empties the uterus of the child. Medicines, like those mentioned above, are unsafe and unstable, putting the mother's health at risk. For example, Methotrexate is known to be harmful to both the fetus and its mother (â€Å"Statistics† sec. 3). The primary use of this drug is to poison the fetus. A problem that can occur in this medicine, typically used for chemotherapy, is it can be toxic.In the case that the drug is toxic, the use in abortion can result in eath of both mother and fetus. In addition to drug toxicity, there are also many mental issues that can arise in the mother (â€Å"Abortion† sec. 3). Many become dep ressed because of their decision to abort; others contemplate suicide. Additionally, anxiety has affected many women who have had abortions. In a study of the after effects of abortion, 40% to 60% of women questioned gave negative reactions. This survey was done eight weeks subsequent to the procedure (â€Å"Abortion† sec. 3). Out of that percentage, 55% of them felt guilty. 4% claim they experienced ervous disorders, sleeping disorders had occurred in 36% of the women, and not surprisingly, 31% admitted feelings of regret. had to be prescribed with psychotropic pills. The high percentages of metal issues show that abortions cause serious health risks to the mothers. Adding on to mental health problems, physical complications can arise after an abortion (â€Å"Abortion† sec. 1). There are a multitude of â€Å"minor side effects from abortion. Small infections are a result of abortions. Many women become sick by a fever. Others experience gastrointestinal problems. Ble eding Is a very common outcome of this procedure.In the same study, women reported chronic abdominal pain, and also excessive vomltlng. Not including minor conditions, there are over 100 major problems recorded that women have faced. A DlocKage 0T an artery or emoollsm can result Trom aoortlon. some experience aeatnly infections. Hemorrhaging, or excessive bleeding, occurs in many. Ripping, or perforation of the uterus, is an excruciatingly painful result of the practice. Women can also experience anesthesia complications. In addition, cervical injury injuries are common. An astounding 5% become sterile, or unable to get pregnant again.Ectopic pregnancies may occur after one obtains an abortion (â€Å"Abortion† sec. 1). In a study of the National Rights to life Committee, two hundred and fifty-five deaths to mother's having an abortion occur per year (McKeegan 123). Studies have shown that legal abortion is no safer than illegal, back-alley abortions. One 43year old woman ble d to death during an abortion; another woman's uterus perforated and she also passed. In addition, an eighteen year old girl had a blood infection that was fatal (Curie 52). All these major problems and more occur every year for women who abort.Although the viability of a fetus is debatable, many scientists and doctors concur that with todays modern technology, the week that a fetus becomes viable is becoming progressively earlier (Currie 26). All late-term abortions, or those occurring after twenty weeks of the pregnancy, are killing a viable fetus. Studies also show fetuses feel pain, as proven by the fact that they twisting in agony and display painful looks when aborted. Another way to show how the fetus is Just an unborn baby is the fact that its internal and external organs are the same. The fetus also performs many aby-like functions.Statistics from highly knowledgeable people have also back up the theory that a fetus is viable in post- first term state. The internal and exte rnal features show that the fetus is the same as a human, Just not as mature (â€Å"WPClinic†, sec 2). A viable fetus has the same external features of any newborn. With few exceptions, the human is made up of many different body parts such as a head, body, eyes, mouth, sex organs, hair, etc. A fetus, post-first term, has all of these typical parts and thus resembles a child. In addition to their exterior, fetuses also have the same nternal organs.They have a fully developed brain at 13-16 weeks-which is at the beginning of late 1st term. All organs are working at this point. In the latter weeks, its nervous system can even control functions (â€Å"WPClinic†, sec 2). These features prove that the fetus is Just like a newborn. Not only does the fetus resemble a newborn, it also acts like one. â€Å"The baby plays so to speak, now†¦ We know what he feels and have listened to what he hears† (McBride 34). This quote shows that a fetus is no different than a new born baby, for it performs the same functions; the fetus is Just perhaps ot as mature.Some normal procedures the fetus performs include swallowing, making breathing sounds, recognizing its mother's voice, blinking, grasping, kicking, and somersaulting. Physicians also say a fetus feels pain around twenty weeks (McBride 64). Today, physicians give women pamphlets to let them know their fetus will feel pain when it is aborted. Studies support this through the fact that the fetus twists in agony and shows painful looks when it is aborted (McKeegan 112). The facts prove that the fetus acts and plays like a newborn, so it should have the same rights s well.

Budget Essay

Budget is a summary income and expenses of a given period. It provides you a comprhensive financial overview that helps coordinate financial and oerational activities. Its an open two way communication channel. Its is also a measure of expected or desired performance. Advantages A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan of action. These are the major benefits of effective budgeting. Budgeting compels managers to think and formalizing their prsponsibilities for planning. Budgeting provides an opportunity for managers to evaluate the activities and evaluate new activities. Budgeting helps managers in communicating objectives and coordinating actions. budgeting provides benchmarks. Difficulties in implementing a budget Budgeting can be expensive and sometimes its not even close to the actual numbers. Some of the departments disagree with the budget goals. Similarly another difficulity is obtaining the accurate sales forecasts. Any sort of false information would throw the budget way off the line. So accuracy is very important while creating a budget. There are different types of budgets. Static budget predicts costs, revenues and profits at one level of output.Once it is made it doesn’t change. Where as a flexible budget is a budget that has a flexibility to for the changes in the activity. It is more sophisticated and does not change production according to the sales activity. Direct material variance the difference between the real purchase price of material and the standardised purchase price of the material is known as direct material variance. Total direct material varicance can get by multiplying the difference of the price with the actual quantity pu.rchased. It is very helpful to managers in making purchase decisions and enable them to find it favourable or unfavourable. For example, if a company buys 100,000 units of material and pays $5/ unit, compare to the standard price of the material which is $8/ unit, it is a favorable purchase. Labor Variance The differecnce between actual pay rate and the standard pay rate is known as  labor variance. The difference can be found out by multiplying the difference to the actual number of hours worked. For example if the difference is $2/ hour, and 20 hours of work was put in, the labor variance can be found out by multiplying 2 to 20( 2*20= 40) so the total variance is 40.

Leaders and Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leaders and Groups - Essay Example In the case of a wicked leader, the manner of motivation and the type of goal are such that these are despised, or not liked, by the people. For example, the leader may use fear or unnecessary force that tramples on the freedom of the people. In the process, those who are led in this way work towards the goal because they have no better choice. Dictators like Hitler and Stalin are prime examples of the last century who led this way. And to add insult to injury, the goal - such as killing innocent people - may be equally despicable. So while they can be called leaders, the way they exercise it and the goals they have set were wicked. It would be enough that one of the two - either the means of motivation or the goal - is despicable to make the leader a wicked one. The good leaders are the opposite of the wicked leaders: the means used to motivate and the goals towards which everyone are led to work for are acceptable or not despicable. In fact, these may even be very good, so the people who are led this way end up loving and respecting their leader. The same can be said of great leaders, those whose people can say that they were the ones who did the work themselves. If this is the case, what is the difference between good leaders and great leaders Before considering what these differences are, it would be good to discuss the other similarities these two types of leaders share. First, good and great leaders have a good knowledge of human nature, of what motivates people and makes them do things, no matter how arduous they may seem. These types of leaders know how to inspire their people by appealing to the whole range of human qualities, desires, emotions, and aspirations they all share: doing a good job, being happy doing what they like, etc. Second, these types of leaders are good at communicating the goals they want everyone to achieve. They exhibit leadership qualities like patience, optimism, humor, discipline, and the ability to get things done, among other qualities, that make those they lead admire them, perhaps even look up to them as role models they can imitate and follow. However, where great leaders differ from good leaders is in the way great leaders make those they lead feel that they worked hard as a team and that their efforts were recognized. Great leaders are not afraid to praise and thank their people, raising them in front of others to highlight their unique contributions to the success the team accomplished. So, while people under good leaders were able to succeed because their leader was good, thereby focusing on the good qualities the leader possessed, those under great leaders acknowledge the same but are prouder of the fact that their efforts, acknowledged by their leader, made them better persons. An example of a great leader was Churchill, British Prime Minister during the Second World War, who by words and example led the British and their allies towards victory against a more powerful enemy and against overwhelming odds (Jenkins, 2001, p. 477). Another example was Lou V. Gerstner, IBM's CEO until 2002, who exhibited the same great leadership qualities in bringing the company back from the brink of business disaster (Gerstner, 2002). These great leaders are

Approach Used for Teaching English Grammar Essay

Approach Used for Teaching English Grammar - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that while talking about English grammar, we must also know the importance of the use of proper English grammar in our daily life. Doff found that â€Å"by learning, grammar students can express meanings in the form of phrases, clauses, and sentences†. Appropriate use of grammar using the prescribed set of rules helps us in a lot of ways while performing various activities. â€Å"Teaching grammar is of significant importance in the early stages of a child’s schooling†. Grammar is of critical importance because of its enormous use in many fields of life. Clark found that â€Å"teaching basics of grammar helps learners a lot in different situations†. Some of the situations where use of proper grammar is of crucial importance are as follows: use of correct grammar during an interview, proper usage while creating a resume for a job application, it’s also important while writing a website’s content, profes sional articles and journals also require correct grammar, academic essays must also be written using suitable grammar, and while writing emails to a certified company from another professional company. These were some of the basic usages of proper English grammar techniques in the activities of our daily life. Teaching grammar to the children of a primary school is a very can be an intimidating task for two main reasons. The first reason is that there are so many tones and gradations of the English language for children to learn and the second reason is that understanding and learning all of the prescribed rules of English grammar can be a boring task for the children. Nevertheless, teaching English grammar to the primary school’s children can be done in an attractive way so that children don’t get bored and show more interest towards learning proper English grammar which will definitely help them a lot in their future.

Week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Week 5 - Essay Example economies are known to tax her citizens heavily, though the French economy is also known to exhibit high spending when compared to the German economy. A considerable percentage of French industries are nationalized, while most of the major corporations in Germany are privately owned. The two economies also differ when it comes to their trends in growth, for the German economy has been registering steadfast growth over the past twenty years while the French economy has been exhibiting slow and a somewhat declining growth (Gregory et al, 2004). Both Germany and Britain are key players of international trade. Half of Britain’s GDP for example comes from both imports and exports. That notwithstanding, I presume true the fact that international trade is more important to the German economy than it is for Britain. My argument is based on the fact that Germany has overtime ben known as one of the world’s leading exporters, and has continuously maintained surplus trading with her partners (Buell, 2015). Most of Germany’s trade partners are EU members, and analysts hold the opinion that well over a fifth of the German labor market, depend on international trade. Germany majorly exports automobile, chemicals, food products and electrical equipment. At the same time, it imports raw materials and semi-finished products. The overall impact of the European Union on the German economy has been positive, as the Eurozone has made the German economy stronger and highly stable. This is majorly because Germany has registered high economic growth since the EU came into play, with its real gross domestic product standing at in excess of 37 billion Euros annually over the last twenty years (Buell, 2015). At the same time, German exports have become more competitive within the Eurozone than when the country was using its own currency; a fact that has made Germany more dependable within the Eurozone. Nonetheless, events such as frequent bailouts of poor performing economies have